Protection and Punishment: Beliefs About Angels in Tudor and Stuart England

Botticini’s painting of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary depicts the angelic hierarchy. Detail from Francesco Bottincini’s L'elezione della Vergine. The National Gallery, London. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACoro_di_angeli_-_Francesco_Botticini.jpg

In Tudor and Stuart England, angels were believed to deliver messages, protect the godly, carry souls to heaven, punish sinners, and carry out God’s will.

Trolls, Hulders and Nisses: The Preternatural Creatures of Norwegian Folklore

Soria Moria Palace, by Theodor Kittelsen http://samling.nasjonalmuseet.no/no/object/NG.M.00546

Despite a great many people knowing that Norway is awash with folklore, many would be hard-pressed to name a Norwegian folk narrative beyond the folk tales “The Three Billy-goats Gruff” and perhaps “East of the Sun and West of the Moon.”

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